sábado, 8 de diciembre de 2018

Estado Novo(1937-1945)

Vargas closed the National Congress and create a new Constitution, which gave him the control of the Legal and Judiciary powers. He also made all the political parties disappear. With Vargas, it was created the Work Tribunal and were made multiple new rights for the workers, as the minimum wage, the weekly break, the syndicates were controlled and a new currency was created.

The most important event in this period was the Second World War, in which Brazil was neutral initially. But, in 1941, it was made a conference in Rio de Janeiro, in which all the south american states decided to break their relationship with Germany, Italy and Japan because of the japanese attacks against USA. One year later, Germany attacked Brazil and USA began negotiations with Vargas to finance the building of a steel plant in Brazil in exchange of having a strategic american base in Natal, known as Natal´s Conference. During the war, Brazil received more than 300 million dollars in exchange of labor for USA and military bases for USA and the allies.
After the participation in WWII, in 1945 the state was unstable, the opposition was bigger, so Vargas decided to convoke elections, after creating two new parties: the Brazilian Workers Party and the Social Democratic Party, with the minister of war, Dutra, as the favourite candidate. This caused anger in the opposition, who decided to make a military coup finishing the Estado Novo.

This article from "El País" relates the experience of a brazilian soldier who fought in the Second World War, and explain the role of Brazil in the war:
https://elpais.com/internacional/2014/04/18/actualidad/1397851823_514835.html

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